A thiazolidinedione (tzd) that improves insulin sensitivity.
A biguanide that reduces glucose production by the liver and improves insulin sensitivity.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in patients who haven't achieved adequate blood sugar control with metformin alone.
Management of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in highrisk individuals (this benefit should be carefully evaluated with a physician).
Pioglitazone enhances insulin sensitivity by binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), improving glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissues. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, enhances insulin sensitivity, and improves glucose uptake by peripheral tissues.
Store at room temperature, below 30°C (86°F). Protect from moisture.
Dosage should be determined by your doctor based on your individual needs and response to treatment.
Start with a low dose and gradually increase it as tolerated.
Always take as prescribed and do not alter the dosage without consulting your doctor.
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar, especially when combined with other medications or insulin)
Weight gain
Fluid retention (edema)
Heart failure
Bone fractures
Nausea
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Alcohol consumption should be limited or avoided as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia.
May cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when starting treatment. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Consult your doctor about alternative treatment options.
Not generally indicated for use in children.
Use with caution in patients with kidney impairment; dosage adjustments may be necessary. May be contraindicated in severe kidney disease.
Use with caution in patients with liver impairment; dosage adjustments may be necessary. Monitor liver function regularly.
Your doctor or pharmacist
The medication package insert
Reputable medical websites (e.g., FDA, Mayo Clinic)
